arch

英 [ɑ?t?] 美[ɑrt?]

CET6TEM4IELTSGRE考研中低頻詞核心詞匯

復數:?arches;第三人稱單數:?arches;過去式:?arched;過去分詞:?arched;現在分詞:?arching;副詞:?archly;

1、Latin arcus "bow" => Old French arche "arch of a bridge" => arch.
2、arch- => arch.

arch 拱

同arc, 弧。

arch: arch: [14] English acquired arch via Old French arche and a hypothetical Vulgar Latin *arca from Latin arcus ‘curve, arch, bow’ (from which English also got arc [14]). When it first came into the language it was still used in the general sense of ‘curve, arc’ as well as ‘curved structure’ (Chaucer in his Treatise on the astrolabe 1391 wrote of ‘the arch of the day … from the sun arising till it go to rest’), but this had died out by the mid 19th century.

Vulgar Latin *arca also produced Italian arcata, which entered English via French as arcade in the 18th century. Arch meaning ‘saucy’ is an adjectival use of the prefix arch- (as in archetype).
=> arc
arch (n.): c. 1300, from Old French arche "arch of a bridge" (12c.), from Latin arcus "a bow" (see arc). Replaced native bow (n.1). Originally architectural in English; transferred by early 15c. to anything having this form (eyebrows, etc.).
arch (adj.): 1540s, "chief, principal," from prefix arch-; used in 12c. archangel, etc., but extended to so many derogatory uses (arch-rogue, arch-knave, etc.) that by mid-17c. it acquired a meaning of "roguish, mischievous," since softened to "saucy." Also found in archwife (late 14c.), variously defined as "a wife of a superior order" or "a dominating woman, virago."
arch (v.): early 14c., "to form an arch" (implied in arched); c. 1400, "to furnish with an arch," from arch (n.). Related: Arching.

1. Neither he nor his arch-rival, Giuseppe De Rita, won.: 他和他的死對頭朱塞佩·德里察雙雙落敗。

2. Traders in Marble Arch are facing huge rent increases.: 大理石拱門的經銷商們面臨租金的大幅上漲。

3. They walked through the arch and into the cobbled courtyard.: 他們穿過拱門走進鋪著鵝卵石的院子。

5. The triumphal arch commemorates Caesar's victory over Pompey.: 凱旋門用于紀念愷撒擊敗龐培，得勝而歸。