caste

英 [kɑ?st] 美[k?st]

GRETEM8中低頻詞擴展詞匯

復數:?castes;

1. 諧音“卡死他”。

caste 種姓制度

來自PIE *kes, 砍，切，進一步來自PIE*sek, 詞源同saw, segment。本義為純粹的，后用來指印度的嚴格的種姓制度。

caste: caste: [16] Caste has no etymological connection with cast. It is borrowed from Spanish and Portuguese casta ‘race, breed’, a nominal use of the adjective casta ‘pure’, from Latin castus (source of English chaste). The notion underlying the word thus appears to be ‘racial purity’. Use of casta by the Portuguese in India with reference to the Hindu social groupings led to its being adopted in this sense by English in the 17th century.
=> chaste, incest
caste (n.): 1550s, "a race of men," from Latin castus "chaste," from castus "cut off, separated; pure" (via notion of "cut off" from faults), past participle of carere "to be cut off from" (and related to castration), from PIE *kas-to-, from root *kes- "to cut" (cognates: Latin cassus "empty, void"). Originally spelled cast in English and later often merged with cast (n.) in its secondary sense "sort, kind, style."

Application to Hindu social groups was picked up by English in India 1610s from Portuguese casta "breed, race, caste," earlier casta ra?a, "unmixed race," from the same Latin word. The current spelling of of the English word is from this reborrowing. Caste system is first recorded 1840.

1. Caste is defined primarily by social honour attained through personal life-style.: 社會等級制度主要是通過個人生活方式贏得的社會榮譽來確定。

4. The priestly caste does not normally intermarry with the warrior caste.: 教士階級通常不與武土階級通婚.