empiricism

英 [em'p?r?s?z(?)m] 美[?m'p?r?'s?z?m]

TEM8GRE

形容詞:?empiricist;

empiricism 經驗主義，實證論

來自empirical, 經驗主義。-ism, 主義，思想，觀點。

empiricism (n.): 1650s, in the medical sense, from empiric + -ism. Later in a general sense of "reliance on direct observation rather than theory," especially an undue reliance on mere individual experience; in reference to a philosophical doctrine which regards experience as the only source of knowledge from 1796.
Were I obliged to give a short name to the attitude in question, I should call it that of radical empiricism, in spite of the fact that such brief nicknames are nowhere more misleading than in philosophy. I say 'empiricism' because it is contented to regard its most assured conclusions concerning matters of fact as hypotheses liable to modification in the course of future experience; and I say 'radical,' because it treats the doctrine of monism itself as an hypothesis, and, unlike so much of the half way empiricism that is current under the name of positivism or agnosticism or scientific naturalism, it does not dogmatically affirm monism as something with which all experience has got to square. The difference between monism and pluralism is perhaps the most pregnant of all the differences in philosophy. [William James, preface to "The Sentiment of Rationality" in "The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy," 1897]

1. It is in this sense that Comte repudiates empiricism.: 正是從這個意義上說,孔德拋棄了經驗主義.

2. Some are obviously tinged with relatively unalloyed empiricism.: 其中有些地方明顯地帶有較多不相容的經驗主義色彩.

4. Rationalism usually considers itself more religious than empiricism.: 理性主義總以為自己比經驗主義更有宗教信仰.

5. The rationalism, opposite to empiricism , holds the theory of innate ideas.: 與經驗主義相對應的理性主義者堅持天賦觀念論的立場.